NET Incident Command System (ICS) Forms
| If you are a NET Team Leader and need to order ICS forms for your team, click the icon to the right | [1] |
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ICS forms provide a template to NET volunteers for documenting activities during a deployment. Though efforts to save life and property take priority over documentation, documenting activities is nonetheless important and should be a routine part of NET training, drills, and response. Documentation serves several crucial functions:
- Documentation passed to other emergency responders helps them understand the status of resources, allowing them to deploy their own resources effectively and appropriately. Good documentation saves time, and therefore, lives.
- Documentation of liability exposure for volunteers.
- Improved communication between functional areas and functional teams, and between shifts.
- Thorough documentation facilitates reimbursements from FEMA.
The purpose of this NETwiki page is to specify the recommended ICS forms and explain how volunteers use forms. This page also serves as a one-stop repository for downloading latest versions of the forms.
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It is accepted and understood that ICS forms are not required for documenting operations. In a pinch a sheet of ordinary notebook paper will suffice, or even the back of a paper plate. The benefit of using forms is that they guide NET volunteers to document the most relevant information. In this respect, ICS forms are not so much cumbersome paperwork as they are a helpful tool.
The Role of the Scribe
PBEM recommends that each Operations Plan anticipate the need for scribes during operations. Otherwise the responsibility of completing forms and ensuring volunteers keep proper documentation falls to rescuers; meaning, documentation may not happen at all because rescuers must focus on rescuing.
Note that a scribe is not the same as the Documentation Unit. Volunteers from the Documentation Unit can act as scribes, but their primary responsibility is collecting and keeping documents and recording information. More information on the Documentation Unit at: VSF 07.02: Documentation Unit.
Teams often include volunteers enthusiastic to serve but who do not feel physically ready to engage hands-on in search and rescue tasks such as cribbing, lifting, or other activities requiring physical exertion. Acting as the scribe for the NET is a great job for them. An ideal scribe is familiar with ICS forms and the ICS framework. However, acting as a scribe is also a task that NETs can delegate to an SUV with little just-in-time training (note that opinions differ on this point; some feel strongly that SUVs do not understand operations enough to act adequately as scribes).
PBEM recommends a NET have at least one scribe for the NET Staging Area, and one scribe each for the functional teams conducting search and rescue operations. For example, a Team Leader deploys five NET volunteers to a community center after an earthquake to search for survivors. Four of those volunteers do cribbing, victim carries, extrication, and so forth; the fifth volunteer documents the activities of the other four (and perhaps also communicate with the Staging Area via radio). In this way, the important work of documentation gets done without diverting the attention of those volunteers carrying out rescue activities.
Volunteers should never throw away completed forms. Forms serve as a response record and will be important when requesting reimbursement from FEMA.
Form Design and Printing Considerations
NET ICS Forms are based on, but are not identical to, standard CERT ICS Forms provided by FEMA in the CERT textbook. Over the years, exercises using FEMA forms have prompted NET volunteers to add forms to the forms packet (such as Form 2b and 5b) and tweak existing ones to better suit NET volunteers. NET ICS Forms differ from FEMA's CERT ICS forms in the following ways.
Tracking Numbers
As an option, NETs may use the tracking number spaces provided on some forms. Forms 2a through 5b provide a space for an arbitrarily assigned tracking number. Tracking numbers are for internal team use; therefore, a NET Incident Team Leader can decide on whatever number convention works best (e.g. 0001, or simply “1”, etc). Tracking numbers connect forms to each other where those forms are used on a specific mission; in other words, the tracking number is the same as a “mission number”. Assigning mission numbers may make it easier for teams and emergency professionals reviewing documents to connect events.
For example, let’s say that a Team Leader sends one functional team to conduct search and rescue in a house (tracking number #001) and another functional team to establish radio communication (tracking number #002). Any forms associated with those respective missions (e.g. a medical treatment log or an assignment briefing) will also include their mission tracking number. Later, when reviewing documents, a Team Leader knows that any document with the number “#001” on it is associated with the house search and rescue mission.
Form Heading Colors
Unlike FEMA ICS Forms, NET Form types are grouped and the groups are color-coded. Cognitive scientists know that color-coding highlights organization and guides cognitive processing. In this way color-coding reduces extraneous mental processing demands, and that can be helpful in the midst of an emergency response.
However, printing the forms in color is only a recommendation and NOT a requirement. Printer ink is expensive. You're probably out of cyan ink right now. Therefore, all forms are printable in black and white.
Weatherproof Paper
Oregon's notoriously damp weather means PBEM discourages printing forms on regular paper if possible. In a disaster, volunteers may find themselves working outdoors and rain will quickly render forms on regular paper into a mess of illegible pulp. Therefore, PBEM recommends printing ICS forms on Rite in the Rain paper or other waterproof paper. Note that form scribes should use ballpoint pen or pencil on weatherproof paper; other inks do not dry on the paper and easily smear.
This advice applies only to forms for an actual response. PBEM encourages printing forms on regular paper for use during exercises and training.
Documentation Flow
The most important forms to a NET are forms 1 through 4. Forms 5 through 8 supplement work at specific stations (e.g. radio, medical, logistics, etc). Any form filled out and no longer of use should be kept for handing in to PBEM.
Forms 1, 3, and 4 flow in a way that outlines an anticipated NET response (Figure 1). The first form, Damage Assessment, is used by NET volunteers traveling to the NET Staging Area; volunteers record observed damage and other trouble spots along the way.
Form 3, the Team Leader Assignment Tracking Log, acts as a “dashboard” for the Incident Team Leader. Working with his/her team, the ITL transfers any potential area of response from Damage Assessment forms collected from the team onto the Tracking Log. This tool thereby helps the ITL easily track each functional team deployed from the NET staging area.
Form 4, the Assignment Briefing, is filled out by the ITL when ready to deploy a functional team to respond to an item on the Tracking Log. On the front, the Assignment Log has spaces for giving the functional team the information they need to get to the scene quickly and safely. The functional team then records their response actions on the reverse side, and turn the form in to the ITL when they return to the NET Staging Area. The ITL reviews the reverse side, transferring relevant details to their Tracking Log. ITL then archives the Assignment Briefing with the Documentation Unit.
When does the DAMM come into play?
..........Main article: Damage Assessment Mapping Module
The Damage Assessment Mapping Module (DAMM) is a smartphone-based survey tool designed similarly to NET Form 1. In the aftermath of a disaster PBEM expects NETs to use the DAMM if possible both before and after internet service returns.
This raises some questions, however, because an ITL will not have access to information inputted to the DAMM. PBEM recommends the following course of action: ITLs should order the prioritization of paper form use for damage assessments (NET Form 1) and order the Documentation Unit input completed NET Form 1s into the DAMM as soon as possible. Doing so will help ensure the ECC receives the situational awareness needed to make resource decisions.
Once the response moves into the early Recovery stage, NETs should use the DAMM exclusively and turn away from paper forms.
NET ICS Form Instructions and Descriptions
The section that follows is divided across the different forms available to volunteers. In each section is a basic description of the form, with a table in the righthand margin describing which volunteer position(s) carry that form, how many PBEM recommends they keep in their kit, and the position the form is turned in to.
Following the form description is a table with several rows; each row is a version of the form available for download with the most current version in the table row highlighted in yellow. Older versions of a form, or alternative versions, are made available for download in case volunteers prefer those older or alternative versions. When in doubt, download the version in the yellow row.
NET Form 1: Damage Assessment Form
| NET Form 1: Damage Assessment Form | |
| Completed by: | All volunteers |
| Kit qty: | 3+ |
| Turned in to: | Incident Team Leader |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | CERT Form 1 |
| Last updated: | 2017.02.05 |
The Damage Assessment Form is the most essential form in a volunteer’s kit. A volunteer uses the form to record damage observed in a neighborhood (such as fires, utility hazards, structural damage, injuries and casualties, and available access) while moving through the area to the NET Staging Area. Upon arriving at the NET Staging Area, the volunteer turns the Damage Assessment Form in to the Incident Team Leader. The ITL then uses all the Damage Assessment Forms to prioritize plans and action items (reflected on Form 4: Team Leader’s Assignment Tracking Log).
Thanks to insight from drills and exercises, NET volunteers redesigned this form to facilitate faster radio communications. Those redesigns are represented below in Forms 1b-1, 1b-2, and 1c. Use of these versions of the forms are optional and to the discretion of an ITL.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 1: Damage Assessment
PDF download options: |
This is the original NET Form 1 developed in February of 2017, and the one volunteers should use unless an Incident Team Leader (ITL) proscribes use of the variants offered below.
As noted to the left, volunteers can download a blank version of this form as well as a "mock" filled out version of the form to demonstrate how volunteers fill out the form. |
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| Formulario de Evaluación de Los Daños | This is a Spanish language version of the original CERT ICS Form 1: Damage Assessment, released by Los Angeles CERT. This Spanish version will be replaced with the NET version after it is translated. |  |
| CERT ICS Form 1: Damage Assessment | The original CERT ICS Form 1: Damage Assessment. NETs should avoid using this form unless specific circumstances make it necessary (e.g. embedding with a CERT that still uses this version). |  |
NET Form 1b: Individual Situation Report by Category/Dwelling
| NET Form 1b: Individual Situation Report by Category/Dwelling | |
| Completed by: | All volunteers |
| Kit qty: | 3+ |
| Turned in to: | Incident Team Leader |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | None |
| Last updated: | 2022.09.29 |
Volunteers may use these versions as alternatives to NET ICS Form 1: Damage Assessment if their Incident Team Leader approves. PBEM encourages NETs to test out the different versions of the forms in exercises. ITLs can direct teams to use 1b-1 or 1b-2 based on the type of search they are conducting or whether they are observing single-family buildings, apartments, or condominiums.
The two alternatives (1b-1 Report by Category and 1b-2 Report by Dwelling) offer similar categories of damage as the original Form 1 but represented by rows instead of columns.
NET Form 1b-1: Individual Situation Report by Category has a column tallying each type of damage and a column for recording the addresses where the damage was observed. This version may be an appropriate choice where there appears to be many cases of certain types of damage and the locations of such damage needs to be recorded quickly (e.g. flooding created by a leaking water main).
NET Form 1b-2: Individual Situation Report by Dwelling has rows representing a dwelling and columns representing categories of potential response issues. It has a row at bottom for totaling the number of each type of issue observed. This version might be the better choice when a team makes a visual inspection of a series of dwellings and want to record their assessment of each dwelling separately.
You can find more detailed instructions on using Form 1b HERE, as well as a training video embed on the right side of this page.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 1b-1: | This form is designed for double-sided printing. Designed by NET Radio Training Liaisons. |  |
| NET ICS Form 1b-2: | This form is designed for double-sided printing. Designed by NET Radio Training Liaisons. |  |
Layout Guides for Form 1b-1 and 1b-2: download HERE
NET Form 1c: Team Situation Report with Totals
| NET Form 1c: Team Situation Report with Totals | |
| Completed by: | All volunteers |
| Kit qty: | 3+ |
| Turned in to: | Incident Team Leader |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | None |
| Last updated: | 2022.09.29 |
Form 1c is not an alternative version of NET ICS Form 1: Damage Assessment, but an accessory. It can be used to:
- Consolidate the information from multiple individuals that have reported on Form 1b(s), creating a neighborhood-wide summary of the situation.
- Calculate a set of totals by category that can be reported by radio to the team’s regional subnet controller for forwarding the PBEM’s ECC.
The procedure for transmitting Form 1C is for a neighborhood ARO to contact a regional “subnet control”. The subnet control gathers information from all teams within a neighborhood and transmits that information to the ECC. With advance training and practice, reading a Form 1C to the subnet control is a faster process.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 1c: Team Situation Report with Totals | This form can be downloaded and printed, and it is also electronically fillable with Adobe Acrobat. Designed by NET Radio Training Liaisons. |  |
Layout Guide for Form 1c
Header:
A1-NET Team: Name of your NET Team. If your team is divided into sub-teams you can include that as well.
A2-Report Date/Time: The date and time will be important in assessing how current the information is.
A3-1-Neighborhood Surveyed: Use this box to record the name of a neighborhood if you report statistical information on a particular neighborhood. This is appropriate even if you have not yet surveyed the entire neighborhood.
(or) A3-2-Multi-unit Buildings Surveyed: Use this box to record the names of buildings reported on the form. If a building doesn't have a name, record its address.
Depending on the circumstances, you should fill in either the A3-1 or A3-2 but not both.
Rows 1.1 to 6.1: These rows correspond to the rows of Form 1b-1 and the columns of Form 1b-2.
Columns under "Team Members Reporting": One column should be used for each Form 1b you receive. If you are recording a Form 1b-1, record the Dwellings surveyed from the box on the upper right and the Counts in the count column. If your recording a Form 1b-2, record the Dwellings from the box in the upper right and the Totals from the bottom row.
Totals column: After you have finished recording Form 1b(s) for a particular time period, add up the rows and record the totals in the column on the right.
Once a Form 1c has been completed, the information in the header and the Totals column should be transmitted to PBEM ECC by one of your team's AROs via your team's regional subnet controller. AROs can download a voicing guide to Form 1c HERE. There is also an instructional video on using 1c on the air in the right margin of this page.
NET Form 2a: Personnel Check-In
| NET Form 2a: Personnel Check-In | |
| Completed by: | Documentation Unit |
| Kit qty: | 3 copies |
| Turned in to: | Documentation Unit |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | CERT Form 2 |
| Last updated: | 2017.02.05 |
The Personnel Check-in form is used to record and track incoming CERT/NET volunteers as well as affiliated volunteers (e.g. ATVs) and SUVs at the NET Staging Area. This can be done by the scribe or a volunteer manager, but this is also an appropriate task for an SUV. It helps the NET ITL or the Logistics section understand:
- Who is on site
- When they arrived
- When/where they were assigned
- Personnel availability
SUVs should sign in with NET Form 2a just as regular NET volunteers and ATVs do.
A space is provided for an Assignment Tracking Number if a volunteer is given a field assignment with a tracking number from NET Form 4. If a volunteer works more than one assignment and the team uses tracking numbers for assignments, PBEM recommends checking a volunteer out of one assignment and then checking them in for the next assignment.
A special note on check out times: please be sure that all volunteers check out! A volunteer who does not check out is effectively “missing” and unaccounted for, which can lead to wasted time and resources locating the volunteer.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 2a: Personnel Check-In
PDF download options: |
Standard NET ICS Form 2a. Use this form to sign in and sign out NET volunteers, SUVs, ATVs, and anyone else participating in a NET-managed command area. |  |
NET Form 2b: Spontaneous Volunteer Intake
| NET Form 2b: Spontaneous Volunteer Intake | |
| Completed by: | SUV Intake |
| Kit qty: | 30+ |
| Turned in to: | SUV Lead |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | None |
| Last updated: | 2017.02.05 |
NETs track the arrival of spontaneous unaffiliated volunteers (SUVs) using NET Form 2a. However, in addition, NETs intake SUVs using this form. This form helps SUVs understand what may be expected of them during disaster response operations and helps protect the City from liability. It also guides the intake interview process for SUV Coordinators.
There are two sides to the form. The front side is a legal waiver and asks questions that will help a NET determine an SUV’s fitness for duty. The reverse side is a skills and resources assessment intended to help a NET match the SUV to an appropriate assignment.
Note that the front side of Form 2b includes personal information which the NET should protect carefully. Access to these completed forms should be limited and controlled (for example, stored in a locking box with the Documentation Unit).
There is no expectation that SUVs review and complete this form in the midst of conducting life safety operations and response. NETs should keep these forms at the command post and ask SUVs to complete the intake between assignments.
The verbiage used in the legal section of the intake form may read as intimidating to prospective SUVs. Inform SUVs that by signing they are not “signing away” rights or protections. The language is to inform SUVs they have no indemnification from the City of Portland, and they do not have this regardless whether they choose to sign.
Finally, this form has been designed for triplicate if printed on carbon paper. Printing on carbon paper is optional and not required for use.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 2b: Spontaneous Volunteer Intake
PDF download options: |
Where possible, print each sheet double-sided. The SUV intake volunteer should use the form to guide interviews with SUVs, and ask prospective SUVs to read and sign the liability statement.
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NET Form 3: Team Leader Assignment Tracking
| NET Form 3: Team Leader Assignment Tracking | |
| Completed by: | Incident Team Lead |
| Kit qty: | 5+ |
| Turned in to: | PBEM |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | CERT Form 3 |
| Last updated: | 2017.02.05 |
NET Form 3 is a “dashboard” that the NET TL uses to track active field assignments; it is a tool to facilitate situational awareness.
When at a NET staging area, volunteers turn in their damage assessment forms (Form 1). The TL uses information from the collected assessment forms to make decisions on where to deploy resources. Form 3 summarizes and tracks where those resources go.
On the filled-out example of this form, note the two blanks circled in red; these are optional inputs. A tracking number may be assigned by a TL to an operation in order to associate that operation between forms. For example, a fire extinguisher may be checked out for operation 001. On the Equipment Inventory (Form 8), “001” is associated with that fire extinguisher as it is checked out and back in. Again, this is optional; it is intended to help keep the Staging Area personnel organized.
Also in the example the two functional teams are given their own designations (“Blue Team” and “Orange Team”). This is done to help prevent them getting mixed up over radio traffic. These designations are optional.
Again, this form is used as a dashboard for summarizing and tracking. The details of an assignment are placed on Form 4: Assignment Briefing.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 3: Team Leader Assignment Tracking
PDF download options: |
The form is designed for double sided printing. Use this form to assemble a response picture from the Damage Assessment Forms handed into the ITL. |  |
NET Form 4: Assignment Briefing
| NET Form 4: Assignment Briefing | |
| Completed by: | Incident Team Lead and Functional Team Lead |
| Kit qty: | 15+ |
| Turned in to: | Incident Team Lead |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | CERT Form 4a and 4b |
| Last updated: | 2017.02.05 |
The purpose of NET Form 4 is to provide a functional team with relevant information about their mission, and to provide a space to record details of mission results for the ITL and professional responders.
Using information from NET Form 3, the ITL fills out Form 4 as completely as possible. Over the course of an operation, a scribe records the relevant decisions and actions of the NET on the reverse side. When the operation is concluded, the completed form is turned in to the Team Leader.
Completed Assignment Briefings become part of the documentation that the NET relays to the ECC and/or professional emergency responders.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 4: Assignment Briefing
PDF download options: |
This form should be printed double sided whenever possible. This will ensure that the mission briefing and mission outcomes are kept together. |  |
NET Form 5a: Patient Treatment Area Record
| NET Form 5a: Patient Treatment Area Record | |
| Completed by: | Medical Treatment Area Manager |
| Kit qty: | 5+ |
| Turned in to: | Documentation Unit |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | CERT Form 5 |
| Last updated: | 2017.02.05 |
The Patient Treatment Area Record is a specialized form intended to track the condition of patients placed in a patient treatment area. It is filled out by a volunteer (CERT/NET or SUV) detailed to supervise the treatment area. Completed Treatment Area Records are turned in to the Documentation Unit.
This form does not allow for a great deal of detail on victims’ conditions. This is acceptable for an immediate, short-term response when the presumption that emergency medical response will soon be en route. However, if volunteers anticipate that professional responders will not be available for some time, a designated volunteer should consider tracking treatment area patients using this form as a "dashboard" while tracking the condition of individual patients using Form 5b: Individual Treatment Record.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 5a: Patient Treatment Area Record
PDF download options: |
The form is designed to be printed double-sided. |  |
NET Form 5b: Individual Treatment Record
| NET Form 5b: Individual Treatment Record | |
| Completed by: | Medical Treatment Specialist |
| Kit qty: | 30+ |
| Turned in to: | Documentation Unit OR kept with patient |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | None |
| Last updated: | 2017.02.05 |
The Individual Treatment Record is a specialized form intended to track the specific observations and treatments provided to an individual patient place in a patient treatment area. It is filled out by the volunteer(s) (CERT/NET or ATV/SUV) detailed to provide individual care. Completed treatment records should go with the individual when they move to a higher level of care (e.g. fold it up and put it in their pocket); if possible, a copy should be made and turned in to the Documentation Unit. The form is designed to be used by volunteers with basic medical training. It has two major purposes:
- The form serves as a guide to structure the initial examination of the patient and the gathering of relevant medical information.
- The form serves as a record of the findings discovered, the observations made, and the treatments provided by the volunteer medical personnel. This information is critical for medical personnel that may receive the patient later in the process.
Use as many pages as necessary to document findings for each patient.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 5b: Individual Treatment Record
PDF download options: |
This form should invariably be printed double-sided. This form was designed by Marcel Rodriguez (Arnold Creek NET) for Portland NET. |  |
NET Form 6: Communications Log
| NET Form 6: Communications Log | |
| Completed by: | Communications Section |
| Kit qty: | 5+ |
| Turned in to: | Documentation Unit |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | CERT Form 6 |
| Last updated: | 2022.09.29 |
The Communication Log tracks significant radio activity for each radio at a particular location. Logged activities should include:
- When the operator checks into or out of a net
- When the operator changes frequency
- When operator and logger changes with name and callsign of new person
- When the operator takes more than a 10 minute break
- Any significant event involving operation of this radio
- When the operator goes off the air.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 6: Communications Log
PDF download options: |
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NET Form 7: Equipment Inventory
| NET Form 7: Equipment Inventory | |
| Completed by: | Equipment Unit |
| Kit qty: | 5+ |
| Turned in to: | Documentation Unit |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | CERT Form 7 (from ICS 303) |
| Last updated: | 2017.02.05 |
If a team has a sizeable equipment cache, PBEM recommends using this form to track team resources as they are checked out and checked back in. This is particularly true of major assets, such as a SKED or radio set.
Consider delegating equipment responsibilities to a designated NET volunteer, or even an SUV. The forms should be kept with the equipment cache, and turned in to the Logistics section when completed.
Like tracking numbers, Asset Numbers are purely optional. If a team wishes to use asset numbers to help track tools and supplies, space is provided.
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 7: Equipment Inventory
PDF download options: |
This form is designed for double sided printing. |  |
NET Form 8: General Message
| NET Form 8: General Message | |
| Completed by: | Any volunteer/response participant |
| Kit qty: | 3+ |
| Turned in to: | Recipient/Sender |
| CERT/ICS Form equivalent: | FEMA ICS Form 213 |
| Last updated: | 2022.09.29 |
These forms are used by communications specialists (e.g. AROs, runners) to pass important messages back and forth. For example, a NET ITL in Irvington may wish to ask a question to the NET Coordinator at the ECC. The ITL writes the message on the form and passes it to their ARO. The ARO connects with the ECC Radio Room and recites the message. The Irvington ARO then writes the reply from the NET Coordinator into the "Reply" field as it is read to them by the Radio Room. The Irvington ARO then passes the completed form (with the reply) back to the ITL.
These forms are simple; the format makes completing them self-explanatory. However, volunteers should practice composing messages easy and quick to read over the air. For example, you should never recite Shakespeare's Hamlet over the air on amateur radio. But you could write the following message for the ARO to recite:
"Hamlet saw his dead dad's ghost, pretended to go crazy with revenge, actually went crazy with revenge, everyone dead. Over."
| Form | Description | Thumbnail |
|---|---|---|
| NET ICS Form 8: General Message | The benefit of this format is that it lays out the text so AROs, particularly regional subnet control operators, can easily and quickly transmit an email message over amateur radio using Winlink. |  |
| FEMA ICS Form 213 | The original FEMA ICS 213; this version is fillable electronically. Also includes completion instructions on the reverse side. |  |
| NET ICS Form 8: General Message
(old version) |
Retired 2022.09.29. This is an obsolete NET version, but available for those preferring this format. This form must be printed double-sided and cut in half. The initial message is written on the front with the response written on the reverse side. |  |