Moulage

From Wikipedia: Moulage (French for 'casting, moulding') is the art of applying mock injuries for the purpose of training emergency response teams and other medical, military, or paramilitary personnel. Moulage may be as simple as applying pre-made rubber or latex "wounds" to a health "patient's" limbs, chest, head, etc., or as complex as using makeup and theatre techniques to provide elements of realism (such as blood, vomitus, open fractures, etc.) to the training simulation...

...In modern terms, the word moulage refers to the use of "special effects makeup (SPFX) and casting or moulding techniques that replicate illnesses or wounds" in simulation based techniques. Common examples include designing diabetic wounds, creating burns or other illness effects, like dermatological rashes and gunshot wounds...

...These illness and injury effects are applied to training manikins or simulated or standardized patients for training or other purposes. Simulation staff attend training to learn these techniques. It is argued that the use of moulage in simulation improves realism or participant buy-in. Moulage is an emerging field of research for paramedicine, radiography and medical education, with researchers exploring how moulage contributes to learning in training. Military training utilizes highly-authentic moulage techniques to desensitize to graphic wounds, prepare for battle, and treat injuries.